英语音标中的符号是什么意思 ？音标特殊符号 ？

Introduction

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet. It is used to represent the sounds of spoken language. The IPA uses special symbols to represent sounds that are not found in the Latin alphabet. These symbols are called diacritics or phonetic symbols. In this article, we will focus on the special symbols used in the IPA and their meanings.

Vowels

Vowels are sounds that are produced without any significant constriction of the vocal tract. There are several special symbols used in the IPA to represent different types of vowels. Here are some examples:

1. /i/ – represents the sound of the vowel in "see".
2. /ɪ/ – represents the sound of the vowel in "sit".
3. /e/ – represents the sound of the vowel in "set".
4. /æ/ – represents the sound of the vowel in "cat".
5. /ɑ/ – represents the sound of the vowel in "father".
6. /ʌ/ – represents the sound of the vowel in "cup".
7. /u/ – represents the sound of the vowel in "too".

Consonants

Consonants are sounds that are produced with some degree of constriction in the vocal tract. There are several special symbols used in the IPA to represent different types of consonants. Here are some examples:

1. /p/ – represents the sound of the consonant in "pat".
2. /t/ – represents the sound of the consonant in "top".
3. /k/ – represents the sound of the consonant in "cat".
4. /f/ – represents the sound of the consonant in "fan".
5. /s/ – represents the sound of the consonant in "sit".
6. /ʃ/ – represents the sound of the consonant in "shoe".
7. /h/ – represents the sound of the consonant in "hat".

Diacritics

Diacritics are special symbols used in the IPA to modify the sounds of vowels and consonants. They are placed above, below, or next to the symbols they modify. Here are some examples:

1. /ˈ/ – represents primary stress.
2. /ˌ/ – represents secondary stress.
3. /ː/ – represents a long vowel.
4. /ɪ̈/ – represents a reduced vowel.
5. /t͡ʃ/ – represents the sound of "ch" in "church".
6. /ŋ/ – represents the sound of "ng" in "sing".
7. /θ/ – represents the sound of "th" in "thin".

Conclusion

In conclusion, the special symbols used in the IPA are essential for representing the sounds of spoken language. They allow linguists and language learners to accurately transcribe and pronounce words from different languages. By understanding the meanings of these symbols, we can improve our understanding and appreciation of the diversity of human speech.