Certainly No 和 Certainly Not 的区别
在日常英语对话里,“certainly no”和“certainly not”都是表达“肯定不”的高频短语,但它们的用法边界却像两条平行的线——看似相近,实则从不属于同一个轨道。 “Certainly no”是“具体事物的否决者”。它的核心是“no”,这个限定词天生要依附于名词或名词短语,用来否定某个明确的事物。比如有人问“Did you buy any fruits?”,你回答“Certainly no apples—I wanted oranges.”这里“no”紧紧跟着“apples”,直接否决“苹果”这个具体物品;再比如“Is there any noise upstairs?”,回应“Certainly no music—just someone moving furniture.”“no”指向“music”,没有“音乐”这种声音。甚至当你说“Certainly no excuses for being late”时,“no”修饰的是“excuses”,意思是“没有任何迟到的借口”——每一个“certainly no”后面,都站着一个具体的“对象”。 “Certainly not”则是“动作与状态的否定者”。它的关键是“not”,这个副词更灵活,能直接否定动作、状态,甚至整个句子的核心意思。比如有人问“Will you skip the meeting?”,你说“Certainly not—I need to present the report.”“not”否定的是“skip the meeting”这个动作;再比如“Is she upset with you?”,回答“Certainly not—we just had a laugh together.”“not”否定的是“upset”这个状态。更常见的是,当问题是一个一般疑问句时,“certainly not”可以单独成句:“Are you tired?”“Certainly not.”“Did you break the vase?”“Certainly not.”——这里的“not”不需要依附任何名词,它否定的是整个问题的“内容”。再看一组对比更清楚:如果有人问“Do you have any plans for the weekend?”,用“certainly no”回答是“Certainly no party—I’m staying in.”没有派对这个计划;用“certainly not”则是“Certainly not going to a party—I’m staying in.”没有去派对这个动作。前者否定“派对”这个具体事物,后者否定“去派对”这个行为。
还有一个直观的区别:“certainly no”永远不能单独使用——你不能对着“Are you hungry?”说“Certainly no.”,但可以说“Certainly no hunger—I just ate.”;而“certainly not”却能像短句一样独立存在——“Are you leaving?”“Certainly not.”,简洁直接。
比如你跟朋友聊工作:“Do you have any stress?”,用“certainly no”会说“Certainly no work stress—I love my job.”没有工作压力这个事物;用“certainly not”则是“Certainly not stressed—I’m enjoying it.”没有压力大这个状态。前者是“没有某个东西”,后者是“没有某种状态”。
再比如有人问“Did you see any dogs in the park?”,“Certainly no big dogs—only puppies.”没有大狗;而“Are you afraid of dogs?”,“Certainly not—I have two at home.”不害怕狗。一个否定“大狗”这个具体事物,一个否定“害怕”这个状态。
说到底,“certainly no”像一把精确的手术刀,瞄准某个具体的“东西”切割;“certainly not”则像一块橡皮,擦掉的是动作、状态或整个句子的意思。它们都在说“肯定不”,但一个盯着“具体的对象”,一个对着“抽象的内容”。
比如你说“Certainly no rain today”,是在否定“雨”这个天气现象;而说“Certainly not raining”,是在否定“下雨”这个动作。前者是“没有雨”,后者是“没在下雨”——差之毫厘,却分属不同的语义世界。
这就是它们的区别:“certainly no”绑着名词,“certainly not”对着动作与状态;一个具体到“事物”,一个宽泛到“内容”。就像你不会用“没有苹果”回答“你在吃苹果吗?”,也不会用“没在吃”回答“你买了苹果吗?”——它们各自守着自己的领地,从不错位。
