英语中从句的语法大全

从句是英语复合句的核心组成部分，通过引导词连接主句，承担特定语法功能。根据在句中的作用，英语从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类。

名词性从句

名词性从句在句中起名词作用，可作主句的主语、宾语、表语或同位语，主要引导词包括连接词that、if、whether，连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which，以及连接副词when、where、why、how。 主语从句位于主句谓语动词之前，表达句子主体。例：That she passed the exam surprised everyone. / What we need is more time. 宾语从句置于及物动词、介词或形容词后，作宾语。例：I wonder if he will come. / She is interested in what he said. 表语从句紧跟系动词be, become, seem等，说明主语性质或状态。例：The question is how we can finish on time. / His dream is that he will travel around the world. 同位语从句释说明其前的名词如fact, news, idea等，通常由that引导。例：The news that he won the prize spread quickly. / I have no idea when the meeting will start.

定语从句

定语从句修饰主句中的名词或代词先行词，分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句与先行词紧密相连，不可省略；非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，补充说明，引导词不可用that。 引导词包括关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词when, where, why。关系代词指代先行词并在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。

例：The girl who is standing there is my sister.who指代人，作主语，限制性/ This is the house where I grew up.where指地点，作状语，限制性/ His novel, which was published last year, is very popular.which指代物，非限制性

状语从句

状语从句根据功能可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较九类，分别由特定引导词引导，在句中作状语。 时间状语从句：引导词有when, while, as, until, since等。例：I will call you when I arrive. / She was reading while he was watching TV. 地点状语从句：由where, wherever引导。例：Put the book where you can find it easily. / Wherever he goes, he brings a notebook. 原因状语从句：用because, since, as引导。例：He didn’t go to school because he was ill. / Since it’s late, we should go home. 条件状语从句：常见引导词if, unless, as long as。例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. / You won’t pass unless you study hard. 让步状语从句：由though, although, even if, however引导。例：Though he is young, he works hard. / However hard it is, I will try. 目的状语从句：用so that, in order that引导，常含情态动词can, may等。例：She studies hard so that she can enter a good university. 结果状语从句：由so...that, such...that引导。例：He is so tired that he can’t walk. / It was such a cold day that we stayed indoors. 方式状语从句：用as, as if引导。例：Do as I told you. / He looks as if he has known the truth. 比较状语从句：由than, as...as引导。例：She is taller than her brother. / He runs as fast as his father.

从句通过引导词与主句连接，明确逻辑关系，丰富句子结构。掌握各类从句的引导词特点及语法功能，是构建复杂英语句子的基础。