空间内部与外部
in 表示在封闭空间或范围内部，被包围感。- The book is in the box.
- She works in a hospital.
on 用于物体表面或线上，接触关系。
- The cup is on the table.
- There is a picture on the wall.
at 指向具体位置或小范围地点，侧重“点”概念。
- Meet me at the entrance.
- He lives at 123 Main Street.
平面接触与垂直关系
above 和 below 表示垂直方向的上下，不接触。- The lamp hangs above the desk.
- The river flows below the bridge.
over 和 under 正上方/正下方，可接触或覆盖。
- A plane flew over the city.
- The cat is hiding under the bed.
beneath 等同于 under，更正式。
- The treasure lies beneath the sand.
- Sit beside me.
- The bank is next to the supermarket.
between 用于两者之间，among 用于三者及以上中。
- The park is between the school and the library.
- She is standing among the crowd.
in front of/behind 表示前后方位。
- The car is in front of the house.
- A tree stands behind the building.
by “在附近”或“靠近”，可替换 beside。
- We stopped by the lake.
near 表示“在近处”，距离比 by 稍远。- There is a shop near the station.
around 指“环绕”或“在周围”。- Children are playing around the tree.
通过具体场景选择介词，可精准传达空间位置关系。
方位参照与动态趋势
beside/next to 表示“在旁边”，位置紧密相邻。