在英语中，如何表达“如图所示”？这一短语在学术写作、技术文档和日常交流中高频出现，其英文表达需根据语境、文体正式度及图表类型灵活选择。以下从常用结构、场景适配和句式变化三方面展开说明。
基础核心表达：As系列短语
最直接的对应翻译是“as shown in the figure”或“as shown in the picture”，其中“figure”多用于学术或技术文档中编号的图表如Figure 1，“picture”则更通用。例如：“The distribution of temperature zones, as shown in Figure 2, reveals a clear gradient from north to south.”若需省略“the figure”，可简化为“as shown”：“Two distinct patterns emerged, as shown.” 当图表为流程图或示意图时，“as illustrated”更贴切，“用图示说明”的动作，如：“The process of photosynthesis, as illustrated, involves three key stages.”
正式文体中的进阶用法
在学术论文或专业报告中，常需凸显图表的权威性或客观性。此时可用“as presented in Figure X”“呈现”的严谨性或“as depicted in the diagram”“depict”比“show”更正式，含“精确描绘”意味。例如：“Urban expansion, as depicted in the satellite image, accelerated between 2000 and 2010.”若图表数据由研究结果支撑，可搭配“as demonstrated by”：“The correlation between rainfall and crop yield, as demonstrated by Table 3, is statistically significant.” 此处“demonstrate”隐含“通过数据证明”的逻辑，增强说服力。
句式变化与灵活适配
根据句子结构，可将“如图所示”置于句首、句中或句末。前置时常用“As shown in Figure 4, the experiment yielded consistent results.” 句中插入时需意标点：“The sample, as shown in the microscopic image, contains crystalline structures.”当图表作为信息核心时，可用主动语态突出图表功能：“Figure 5 shows the relationship between pressure and volume.” 或用“Shown in Figure 6 is the average growth rate over five years.”倒装结构图表内容。
若需指代前文提到的图表，可用“the aforementioned figure”衔接：“The temperature curve peaks at 35°C; the humidity levels, however, remain stable (see the aforementioned figure).”
场景化选择策略
- 口语或非正式写作：优先用“as you can see in the picture”或“like this”伴随手势，如：“Fold the paper like this, as shown in the diagram.”
- 技术文档：偏好“as illustrated in the schematic”示意图或“as outlined in the flowchart”流程图。
- 数据图表：常用“as displayed in the bar chart”或“as indicated by the line graph”，例如：“Consumer spending, as indicated by the line graph, rose by 12% in Q4.” 不同表达在语气和侧重点上存在细微差异：“as shown”客观，“as demonstrated”实证，“as depicted”重细节刻画，“as illustrated”突出图功能。实际使用时需结合图表类型figure/picture/diagram/chart、文本正式度及表达意图综合判断，确保语言精准且语境。